Beginner’s Guide to RV Power: Shore, Generator, and Solar Explained

Introduction

One of the biggest mysteries for new RV owners is how electricity flows through your rig. With so many gadgets, appliances, and campground hookups, it’s easy to feel overwhelmed. The good news? Once you understand the basics of shore power, generators, and solar, it all clicks into place. Let’s break it down in simple terms—so you can plug in, power up, and camp with confidence.

Shore Power: Your Main Source

When you pull into a campground, chances are you’ll connect to shore power—basically plugging your RV into an electrical pedestal, just like plugging an appliance into a wall outlet.

• 30-amp vs. 50-amp: RVs typically run on one of these two connections. Know which one your rig uses!

• What it powers: Everything—from your A/C and microwave to outlets, lights, and charging stations.

• Watch out for: Faulty campground wiring or voltage spikes. This is why an EMS (Electrical Management System) or surge protector is an absolute must.

👉 Think of shore power as your RV’s “extension cord” to the grid.

Generators: Your Backup Plan

No hookups? No problem. A generator keeps the lights on when you’re boondocking or camping off-grid.

• Portable vs. Built-In: Smaller RVs often use portable gas generators, while bigger rigs may have built-in propane, gas or diesel versions.

• What it powers: Most of your essentials, though capacity depends on generator size.

• Pro Tip: Generators love maintenance—keep them fueled, oiled, and exercised regularly.

👉 Generators are your RV’s “mobile power plant.”

Solar Power: Freedom on the Road

Want to camp off-grid without the noise of a generator? Solar panels soak up the sun and store energy in your RV’s batteries.

• Panels → Charge Controller → Batteries: That’s the basic flow.

• What it powers: 12V systems like lights, fans, water pumps, and with an inverter, even AC appliances (but this will draw battery power down quickly).

• Best for: Long-term boondocking, quiet campsites, and eco-friendly energy.

👉 Solar is your “silent power partner.”

Safety First: Protecting Your RV

Electrical issues are one of the leading causes of RV repairs. Stay safe with these essentials:

• EMS/Surge Protector: Guards against surges, low voltage, and bad campground wiring.

• Battery Monitor: Keeps tabs on how much juice you really have left.

• Extension Cords & Adapters: Rated for RV use don’t use household cords!

Final Thoughts

RV power doesn’t have to be complicated. Think of it this way:

• Shore power = plug into the grid.

• Generator = create your own electricity.

• Solar = harvest energy from the sun.

With the right setup and a little protection from an EMS you’ll be ready for anything the road throws at you.